Fragmented Citizens: The Changing Landscape Of Gay And Lesbian Lives

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The referendum, which included over 200 constitutional amendments, also paves the way for Russian President Vladimir Putin to lớn stay in power until 2036.

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A demonstrator holds up a picture depicting Russian President Vladimir Putin with make-up during a prokiểm tra by the gay community in Amsterdam on April 8, 2013.Cris Toala Olivares / Reuters file
Russian voters supported a national referendum defining marriage exclusively as a union between one man & one woman.

The referendum, which included more than 200 constitutional amendments, also paves the way for Russian President Vladimir Putin to lớn stay in power until 2036 if he so chooses.


The proposals, voted on by the public over the past seven days, were supported by more than two-thirds of voters, though the opposition maintains that the referendum was rigged from the start.

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Alphonso David, president of the Human Rights Campaign, an LGBTQ advocacy organization, slammed the gay marriage ban & said Putin is a "threat to lớn the human rights of all."

“Russia is tripling down on its attacks on the basic human rights and dignity of LGBTQ people by adding constitutional prohibitions against marriage echất lượng,” David said in a statement. “Putin và his administration used propaganda brochures leading up khổng lồ the election promising a return to ‘traditional family values,’ using marriage between loving couples as a wedge to lớn push through his nefarious agenda. It is shameful, manipulative và malicious."

The constitutional amendment comes after decades of legal và social oppression of LGBTQ people in Russia.


In 2013, a federal law was passed criminalizing the distribution of materials that promote same-sex relationships khổng lồ minors. After the passage of the measure, dubbed the “gay propagandomain authority law,” the country saw an increase in anti-LGBTQ violence, according to a 2014 Human Rights Watch report. In 2018, the country banned Pride events, and in 2019, it took action to lớn bloông chồng LGBTQ groups from officially registering in the country.


More than half of the LGBTQ people surveyed in a 2019 poll by the Russian LGBT Network, an advocacy group, reported experiencing at least one type of violence or abuse due to their gender identity, sexual orientation or both. Over the past several years, there have sầu also been reports of state-sponsored detention, violence và torture against gay and bisexual men in Chechnya, a semi-autonomous Russian region.

Prior to the weeklong vote, the Russian LGBTQ Network issued a statement calling inkhổng lồ question the motives of the long các mục of referendum proposals.

"The main purpose of adopting series of amendments khổng lồ the constitution is lớn keep in power a current government and Russian President," the group said. "We consider other constitutional changes artificial to lớn gain people’s attention.”

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